ĭiamonds were traded to the east and west of India and were recognized by various cultures for their gemmological or industrial uses.
Kalkutta was an important trading center for diamonds in central India. Another Indian description written in the beginning of the 3rd century describes strength, regularity, brilliance, ability to scratch metals, and good refractive properties as the desirable qualities of a diamond. Buddhist works dating from the 4th century BC describe the diamond as a well-known and precious stone but do not mention the details of diamond cutting. The Arthashastra of Kautilya mentions diamond trade in India. Early references to diamonds in India come from Sanskrit texts. Before diamonds were discovered in Brazil in the 1700s, India was the only place where diamonds were mined. There is also evidence of technique of double diamond drilling from Southern Thailand dating back to 400 BC. The double diamond drill technique was present in Western India prior to 600 BC (7th century BC). Archaeologists working in Yemen have excavated beads with evidences of diamond drilling from 1200 BC to 1st century AD from the site of Hajar ar Rayhani, while double diamond drilling from 1000 to 600 BC. The process of diamonds being used for drilling ornamental beads dates back to 2nd millennium BC. Though popularly believed to derive its value from its rarity, gem-quality diamonds are quite common compared to rare gemstones such as alexandrite, and annual global rough diamond production is estimated to be about 130 million carats (26 tonnes 29 short tons).
The diamond's high value has been the driving force behind dictators and revolutionary entities, especially in Africa, using slave and child labor to mine blood diamonds to fund conflicts. Through an advertising campaign beginning in the 1930s and continuing into the mid-20th century, De Beers made diamonds into a key part of the betrothal process and a coveted symbol of status. The modern popularity of diamonds was largely created by De Beers Consolidated Mines, which established the first large-scale diamonds mines in South Africa. The practice is documented among European aristocracy as early as the 15th century, though ruby and sapphire were more desirable gemstones. Other characteristics, such as presence or lack of fluorescence, also affect the desirability and thus the value of a diamond used for jewelry.ĭiamonds are used in engagement rings. Diamonds are such a highly traded commodity that multiple organizations have been created for grading and certifying them based on the "four Cs", which are color, cut, clarity, and carat. The hardness of diamond and its high dispersion of light-giving the diamond its characteristic "fire"-make it useful for industrial applications and desirable as jewellery. They have been used as decorative items since ancient times.
DIAMOND DIMENSIONS 223 SERIES
Part of a series onĭiamond is one of the best-known and most sought-after gemstones. For the singular, see 4C (disambiguation).
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